Advocacy Court Etiquette & Useful Expressions

Advocacy is not only about arguments; it is also about the way an advocate communicates with the Court. Using precise and respectful phrases strengthens submissions and ensures clarity in proceedings.

General Court Etiquette

• Always be polite and respectful.
• Use “Hon’ble” or “Ld.” before the name of the Court (e.g., “Ld. Trial Court”).
• Never argue with the Judge.
• Use the word “may” instead of “shall” while addressing the Court.
• Do not ask questions directly; frame them respectfully.
• Use proper legal language that is generally used in courtrooms.
• Observe how Senior Advocates present themselves and structure their statements.

Useful Courtroom Expressions

1. Presentations (Starting)

• May it please Your Lordship.
• Please My Lord/Ladyship.

2. While Making Submissions

• Kindly have a look at page no. …
• With the utmost respect, I differ from the learned counsel.
• The facts of the present case clearly indicate that…
• There is no material on record to suggest…
• It is a settled principle of law that…
• May I ask myself (put your question)…
• Kindly may consider…
• Please be considered that…

3. Referring to Judgments

• The Hon’ble Supreme Court has categorically held that…
• This issue is no longer res integra.
• The ratio of the judgment squarely applies to the present case.
• The reliance placed by the opposite side is distinguishable on facts.

4. For Objections

• I strongly object to…
• The question is leading and impermissible.
• The evidence sought to be introduced is inadmissible.
• This is beyond the scope of cross-examination.

5. Seeking Clarification or Time

• If Your Lordship may allow, I seek a brief clarification.
• I request a short adjournment/accommodation for…
• I undertake to submit the documents by the next date.
• I beg apology for missing my first call.

6. During Cross-Examination

Think whether the possible answer will be in your favour before asking any question. Understand what to ask and what not to ask. The art of questioning:

• I put it to you that…
• Is it correct to say that…?
• Can you show any document supporting your statement?
• I suggest to you that this is an afterthought.
• It was not in your knowledge that…
• Did you sign on the document or did the IO tell you not to sign?
• How long have you been holding the post / What is your qualification?
• Did you write this in your statement or in the record?

7. Concluding Submissions

• In light of the above, I pray for the reliefs sought.
• In the interest of justice, this Hon’ble Court may be pleased to…
• I rest my submissions.

Ending

• I am obliged, Your Lordship.
• Much obliged.